Page 97 - Malaysia Exporters of Biomass & Related Services Directory

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GLOSSARY
OIL PALM LEAFLETS
Oil palmleafletsareoneither sideof thestemof the topandmiddle
of the frond. These top two thirds of the oil palm frond contain
most of the nutrients.
OIL PALM TRUNK (OPT)
Oil palm trunks become available at the
end of a plantation’s life cycle every 25 to 30
years. The bole length of felled palm trunk
is in the range of 7 - 13m, with a diameter of
45cm - 65cm, measured at breast height. OPT
has been utilized to replace wood. It has been
used in plywood, veneer, MDF, furniture and flooring industries.
PALM KERNEL CAKE (PKC) / PALM KERNEL EXPELLER (PKE)
Palm kernel cake (PKC) or palm kernel expeller (PKE) is the remains after palm kernel
oil is pressed out from the palm kernel nut of the palm fruit.
PALM KERNEL SHELL (PKS)
Palm kernel shells (PKS) remains after palm kernel oil
extraction.
PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME)
The processing of fresh fruit bunches of oil palm results in the generation of different
type of residues of which on is POME. POME comprises a combination of wastewater
from three main sources via clarification (60 %), sterilization (36 %) and hydrocyclone
(4%) units. It contains various suspended components including cell walls, organelles,
short fibres, a spectrum of carbohydrates ranging from hemicelluloses to simple
sugars, a range of nitrogenous compounds from proteins to amino acids, free organic
acids and an assembly of minor organic and mineral constituents.
PYROLYSIS
Pyrolysis is a thermo-chemical conversion process whereby biomass is heated at
high temperatures in the complete absence of an oxidant (oxygen). Products for this
process include combustible gas, liquid condensates and charcoal. The liquid portion
is called pyrolysis oil, which can be burned to generate electrical power. It can also be
used as a chemical additive to produce plastics and other bio-products.