Page 98 - Malaysia Exporters of Biomass & Related Services Directory

STARCH
Starch is a carbohydrate consisting of large number of glucose units joined by
glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by all green plant as an energy
store. Starch is a carbohydrate consisting of large number of glucose units joined by
glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by all green plant as an energy
store.
STOVER
The dried stalks and leaves of a crop remaining after the grain have been harvested.
SYNTHESIS GAS
A mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen which is the product of high temperature
gasification of organic material such as biomass. Following clean-up to remove any
impurities such as tars, synthesis gas (syngas) can be used to synthesize organic
molecules such as synthetic natural gas (SNG - methane or liquid biofuels such as
synthetic diesel (via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis).
THERMAL CONVERSION
Biomass is first broken down into syngas using heat and low oxygen concentrations.
Subsequently, a range of thermo-chemical processes can be applied to generate fuels
or chemicals.
XYLAN
Xylan is polysaccharides made from unit of xylose. It is a polymer of xylose with a
repeating unit of CHO (chemical formula Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen), found in the
hemicelluloses fraction of biomass.
XYLOSE
Xylose is classified as a monosaccharide of aldopeutose type that contains five
carbons. Xylose is the main building block for hemicelluloses which comprises about
30% of plant matter.
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GLOSSARY
Sources:
1. Loh Soh Kheang. Oil Palm Biomass Energy Resource Data. Malaysian Palm Oil Board 2012
2. National Biomass Strategy 2020. Agensi Inovasi Malaysia, 2011
3. NREL Glossary of Biomass Terms
4. Biomass Energy Centre Glossary